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Pathogenic Escherichia coli
''Escherichia coli'' ( Anglicized to ; commonly abbreviated ''E. coli'') is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most ''E. coli'' strains are harmless, but some serotypes are pathogenic and can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=CDC Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases )〕 The harmless strains are part of the normal flora of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K2, and by preventing the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine.
==Introduction==
''E. coli'' and related bacteria constitute about 0.1% of gut flora, and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. Cells are able to survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them ideal indicator organisms to test environmental samples for fecal contamination.〔 The bacterium can also be grown easily and inexpensively in a laboratory setting, and has been intensively investigated for over 60 years. ''E. coli'' is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism, and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology, where it has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA.
German paediatrician and bacteriologist so Theodor Escherich discovered ''E. coli'' in 1885, and it is now classified as part of the Enterobacteriaceae family of gamma-proteobacteria.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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